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How to treat an anal fistula?

An anal fistula is a tunnel that runs from inside the anus, to somewhere in the skin around it. It usually follows an infection that didn’t heal the right way. Surgery is generally required for proper fistula treatment. The main surgery methods for an anal fistula are:
Fistulotomy
A fistulotomy involves cutting along the whole length of the fistula to open it up so it heals as a flat scar.
Seton techniques
A seton is a piece of surgical thread that’s left in the fistula for several weeks to keep it open. This allows it to drain and helps it heal while avoiding the need to cut the sphincter muscles. Loose setons allow fistulas to drain but do not cure them. To cure a fistula, tighter setons may be used to cut through the fistula slowly. This may require several procedures that the surgeon can discuss with you.
Advancement flap procedure
This procedure involves cutting or scraping out the fistula and covering the hole where it entered the bowel with a flap of tissue taken from inside the rectum, which is the final part of the bowel.

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